A Step Into The Unknown :: Literary Analysis, Dark Star

In his novel, Dark Star, Alan Furst makes an air that bolsters the discouraged and beat down setting encompassing Europe before the beginning of World War II. He can catch our consideration by quickly making tension in the discouraged and separated nation of Belgium. Furst can bring us into the brain of Andre Szara as he enters Ostend, Belgium, depicting the environment as undesirable and nervousness driven. He presents this environment through the old and rusted vessel, Nicaea, the setting in Ostend, and the assignments that Szara must finish while remaining in Ostend. The multi year old towing boat, Nicaea, speaks to an unanticipated street and at last places vulnerability according to Andre Szara. First and foremost, the air is promptly set with a dull and dreadful standpoint in light of the delineation of the â€Å"tramp freighter† (Furst 3) that travels through the water with a particular thunder of the motor, over fueling the sound of conflicting waves. The historical backdrop of the Nicaea distinguishes the components utilized by Furst to show environment. It’s profound portrayal demonstrates it has spent â€Å"blistering summers and sprinkling winters† (3) throughout the years to be destroyed by salt and rust. Mature age has the boat â€Å"[creaking] and [groaning] sorrowfully† (4). The unfortunate condition makes an unwanted air that utilizes vulnerability with regards to whether the boat can continue. Salame 2 The climate assumes a significant job in molding the air in Ostend. The climate can be utilized successfully while introducing a specific air since it can direct the state of mind. While going on the North Sea, Szara and Khelidze were joined by â€Å"rain† (3) and â€Å"darkness† (3), ignorant of what lies ahead. With haziness, comes dread since its prompting the unforeseen. The Nicaea has likewise been adrift for nineteen days through a â€Å"eternity of frosty, seawater showers† (5). The climate foretells a dim future and keeps up the vulnerability of what lies ahead. Similarly significant, Andre Szara is given a task yet doesn't have the foggiest idea why, further adding to the anticipation and negligence for any outcomes. Szara’s task is to discover where his kindred traveler on the towing boat, Grigory Khelidze, is remaining in Ostend. Szara has no clue about why he should discover where this man is staying, along these lines making a feeling of bewilderment. It is as though Szara has been set out on to a winding and unforgiving way that leaves no sign or signs with respect to where it will lead him.

Impact of Sadness and Anxiety on Individuals-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Ethics and Decision Making Essay Example

Morals and Decision Making Essay Section I WHAT IS ETHICS? Every general public structure a lot of decides that builds up the limits of general acknowledged conduct. These principles are frequently communicated in proclamations about how individuals ought to act, and they fit together to shape the MORAL CODE by which a general public lives. The term MORALITY alludes to a social shows about good and bad that are so broadly shared that they become the reason for a built up accord. Meaning OF ETHICS: ETHICS †is an allowance of faith based expectations about good and bad conduct inside a general public. Moral conduct adjusts to commonly acknowledged standards a large number of which are practically widespread. Excellencies †are propensities that grade individuals to do what is satisfactory. Indecencies †a re propensities if Unacceptable conduct. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRITY: Your ethical standards are articulations of what you accept to be rules of right direct. An individual who acts with trustworthiness acts as per an individual code of standards. One of the foundations of Ethical conduct is to stretch out to all individuals a similar regard and thought that you hope to get from others. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORALS, ETHICS, AND LAWS MORAL’s are one’s individual convictions about good and bad while the term ETHICS depicts principles or codes of conduct expected of a person by a gathering to which an individual has a place. LAW is an arrangement of decides that mention to us what we should or shouldn't do. Morals IN THE BUSINESS WORLD Ethics has ascended to t he highest point of the business plan on the grounds that the dangers related with unseemly conduct have expanded, both in their probability and in their latent capacity negative effect. A few patterns have improved the probability of exploitative conduct. first more prominent globalization nd †in today’s necessionary financial atmosphere, associations are amazingly challenge to look after benefits. WHY FOSTERING GOOD BUSINESS ETHICS IS IMPORTANT 1. Picking up the cooperative attitude of the network. 2. Making an association that works reliably. 3. Encouraging great strategic policies. 4. Shielding the association and its workers from lawful activity. 5. Keeping away from negative exposure. Picking up THE GOOD WILL OF THE COMMUNITY Although association exist basically to acquire benefits or offer types of assistance to clients, they likewise have some crucial duties in a proper proclamation of their company’s standards or convictions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Making AN ORGANIZATION THAT OPERATES CONSISTENTLY Organizations create and maintain qualities to make an authoritative culture and to characterize a predictable methodology for managing the requirements of their partners, workers, clients, providers and the network. Numerous organizations share the accompanying qualities: †¢Operate with trustworthiness and respectability †¢Operate as per gauges of moral lead, in words and activity †¢Treat partners, clients, and buyers with deference †¢Strive to be the best at what makes a difference most to the association †¢Value assorted variety †¢Make choices dependent on realities and standards Shielding the Organization and it’s Employees from Legal Action In a 1909 decision the U. S. Incomparable Court set up that a business can be considered answerable for the demonstrations of it’s workers regardless of whether the representatives demonstration in a way as opposed to corporate strategy and their employer’s bearings. Dodging Unfavorable Publicity The open notoriety of an organization unequivocally impacts the estimation of its stock, how shopper respect it’s item and administrations, the level of oversight it get from the administration offices, and the sum backing and collaboration it gets colleagues. Cultivating Good strategic approaches As a rule, great morals can mean great business and improved benefits. Organizations that produce sheltered and compelling items stay away from expensive reviews and claims. Organizations that offer magnificent support hold their clients as opposed to losing them to contenders. Improving Corporate Ethics Only one out of four associations has s all around executed morals and consistence program. Attributes of an effective morals program; †¢Employees are happy to look for counsel about morals issues †¢Employees feel arranged to deal with circumstance could peruse to unfortunate behavior †¢Employees are for moral act Employees feel emphatically about their organization Naming a Corporate Ethics Officer Provides an association with vision and administration in the are of business direct. Association send an away from to workers about the significance of morals and consistence in their choice about who will be accountable for the exertion a to whom that individual will report. Explicit duties incorporate; †¢Responsibility for consistence that is guaranteeing the moral methodology are instituted and reliably clung to all through the association. †¢Responsibility to making and keeping up the morals culture that the most elevated level of corporate position. Obligation regarding being a key information and contact individual on issues identifying with corporate morals and standards. Moral Standard set by Board of Directors The top managerial staff is liable for the cautious and capable administration of an association. The board satisfies some of it’s duties legitimately and allocate others to different advisory groups. Setting up a Cor porate Code of Ethics A code morals is an explanations that features the association key moral issues and recognizes the overall qualities and rules that are essential to the association and its dynamic. Model; Intel Conducting Social Audits An association surveys how well it is meeting its moral and social obligation, objectives, and conveys its new objective for the up and coming year. Expecting Employees to take Ethics Training Today, most clinicians concur that the antiquated Greek savants accepted that individual feeling about good and bad conduct could be improved through instruction. Lawrence Kohlberg, the late Harvard clinician, found that numerous variables invigorate person’s moral turn of events, yet perhaps the most territory is instruction. Making an Ethical Work Environment Most workers need to play out their occupations effectively and morally yet great business at some point settle on awful moral decisions. Remembering Ethical Consideration for Decision Making Develop a Problem Statement A difficult proclamation is a reasonable, brief depiction of the issue that should be tended to. One must assemble and break down realities to build up a decent issue articulation. Look for data and assessments from an assortment of individuals to expand your casing of reference. Recognize Alternatives The phase of dynamic, it is perfect to enroll the assistance of others, including partners to distinguish a few options answers for the issue. During conceptualizing process does whatever it takes not to be condemning of thoughts. Assess and Choose Alternatives Evaluating dependent on various standards, for example, adequacy at tending to the issue, the degree of hazard related with every elective expense, and time usage. The option chose ought to be morally and legitimately faultless: be predictable with the organization’s arrangements and codes of morals; consider the effect on others; and, obviously give a decent answer for the issue. Four regular ways to deal with moral dynamic Approach managing to moral issues : Standards Virtue morals approach the moral decision best reflects moral excellencies in yourself and in your locale. Utilitarian Approach the moral decision produce the best overabundance of the advantages over mischief. Reasonableness Approach the moral decision treats everybody the equivalent and shows no kindness or separation. Regular Good Approach the moral decision progresses the basic merchandise. Goodness Ethics Approach The excellence morals way to deal with dynamic spotlights on how you ought to carry on and consider relationship on the off chance that you are worried about your day by day life I a network. It can likewise be applied to the business world by likening the ideals of a decent representative. Utilitarian Approach The utilitarian way to deal with the moral dynamic expresses that you ought to pick the activity or the arrangement that has the best by and large ramifications for all the individuals who are legitimately or in a roundabout way influenced. Decency Approach The reasonableness approach centers o how decently and strategies disseminate advantages and weights among all individuals influenced by the choice. Regular Good Approach The benefit of everyone way to deal with dynamic depends on a dream of society as a network whose part cooperate to accomplish a typical arrangement of qualities and objectives. Actualize Decision Once the options are chosen, it ought to be executed in a proficient, powerful and convenient way. Assess the Results Monitor the outcomes to check whether the craving impact was accomplished, and watched the effect on the association and the different partners.

International Relation in Asian Economies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Examine about the International connection and Global economy. Answer: Presentation: A wonderful record of continued and high monetary development was seen in East Asian economies and contrasted with all area of world, twenty East Asias economies, the development rate was quicker. Getting fundamental rights was the primary purpose for high development accomplishment and the rule motors of development contained quickly developing human capital and private local speculation. Significant level of interests in the economies was supported by elevated level of residential money related reserve funds. Contrasted with other creating world, East Asian economies saw declining development in populace rate (Burchill et al. 2013). The significant element of quick monetary development was on a very basic level sound advancement arrangement. Fundamental system of private speculation was given by abnormally stable large scale financial execution and macroeconomic administration. World Bank in its report of East Asian marvel 1993, portrays the approaches related with fast development by growing in neoclassical perspectives. This has given methodical explanation how painstakingly constrained and successful government activism has helped creating nations in encountering fast development. It has been contended by neo old style followers that low relative value contortions was for the most part a direct result of nonappearance of distortionary and value control strategies and direction of these economies towards universal exchange (Baylis et al. 2017). Conversation: The open arrangements of eight high performing economies is analyzed in the World Bank report for year 1965 to 1990. Report helps in revealing the job of arrangements that helped in improving human government assistance, financial development and evenhanded dispersion of pay in Japan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. Sound approaches advancement helped in adjustment of high performing Asian economies that prompted high development. The more impartial appropriation of salary inside these economies has empowered to keep up promise to share new success. It has been delineated by report that fast collection of capital was advanced by open strategies by empowering significant level of local investment funds and making banks increasingly solid. These Asian economies expanded their gifted work power by giving better essential and optional training and widespread essential tutoring. Accomplishment of these high performing economies was owing to a few factors, for example, administrative and legitimate structures, inviting of new innovation, and arrangements of farming boosting profitability. Quick advancement in economies of these nations was basically a result of focusing of key businesses (Navaretti and Tarr 2017). The executives of assets assignment was carefully done in key zones. Showcasing foundations built up by government helped in advancing exchange fabricating sends out. Viability of such intercessions by government is contended by examiner. Notwithstanding, they consent to the way that the extension would have not been feasible and emotional without improvement and soundness of physical and human capital and macroeconomic steadiness establishment. According to the report, macroeconomic strength inside these economies was made due to their essential formative arrangements. Report delineates that reasons why changing worldwide economy doesn't require government mediations (Jackson and Srensen 2015). World Bank Report verbalizes advertise well disposed technique by depicting the fitting government job is to guarantee making sufficient interest in individuals, keeping the economy open to global exchange, giving atmosphere to private venture and in this manner helps in keeping up stable large scale economy. It has been contended by the report that except if government intercession in showcase is agreeable, they are bound to do hurt than great. The thorough view throughout the previous thirty years about creating economies delineates that endeavors to dispense assets with non-advertise components have not had the option to improve monetary execution (Nye and Welch 2016). The development of High East Asian economies can be clarified by utilizing a system that clarify about potential blends of open strategies across economies. Components of understanding the achievement such economies can be clarified by comprehensively seeing the connection between quick development and open arrangement that can be comprehended by utilizing a useful methodology. Three focal elements of designation, collection and development in profitability can be accomplished by commitment from approach. Premise of quick development in the East Asian economies were a direct result of basics of market situated arrangements (Gilpin 2016). The possibility to add to development for tending to monetary coordination issues were driven by interventionist approaches. Fruitful usage and meaning of strategies was for the most part a result of foundations and this aides in supporting serious order at elevated level. This can be clarified with the assistance of an example, improved designation however decrease of precariousness in level of cost and overwhelming gathering through venture rate were for the most part owing to macroeconomic administration. Level of money related reserve funds and high efficiency speculations expanded because of secure and powerful monetary framework. Unrivaled amassing of East Asian economies was moderately a result of equivalent circulation of salary and fast development (Duffield 2014). The achievement of Asia economies can be credited to number of variables as clarified in the report introduced by World Band and they are as per the following: Fare development and accomplishing macroeconomic steadiness Macroeconomic administration was the attributes of high performing Asian economies. Monetary shortage was constrained to the degree that they could be handily financed by reacting rapidly to financial weights and without expanding inflationary weights. The terms of exchange stuns was balanced rapidly by the macroeconomic approaches contrasted with low and center economies. Fast development in send out was contributed by such steadiness and decrease in consumptions was made by strategies of changing swapping scale. Fare was advanced by assortment of approaches, for example, obligation free imports for exporters, charge motivators send out credit and fare target. Improvement of fare depended on remote direct venture and comprehensively based motivations (Deresky 2017). Building institutional reason for development The political system of East Asia was portrayed as formative expresses that prompts the intercession and concocting of very much regarded mediations. The rule of shared development was built up by East Asian pioneers that all gatherings in economy would be profited because of extension. Portion of future riches was shown by unequivocal instruments. A business well disposed condition was worked by pioneers in high performing economies. Private venture got neighborliness from administrative and legitimate structure. Consideration board was set up by some economy, for example, Korea, Japan, Singapore and Malaysia. Data trade was encouraged between government, private part, firms and the executives with the assistance of consultation chamber (Hollifield et al. 2014). Collecting physical and human capital-A mix of interventionist and principal approaches was utilized by East Asian economies for accomplishing fast gathering of physical and HR. Some mediation arrangements includes state free enterprise, mellow suppression of loan fee, hazard socialization and compulsory sparing instruments. Essential arrangements includes government commitments, for example, instruction, satisfactory framework, making sure about money related organizations and training. Fair dispersion of pay was contributed by instruction arrangements of these economies. Low imbalance was fortified by instructive extension. Such approaches helped in expanding reserve funds and venture inside economy. Unpredictability of higher loan fees on stores was guaranteed by dodging swelling and contrasted with other creating nations, higher loan fees on stores in the money related framework was offered by high performing Asian economies (Mundy and Verger 2015). Profitability change and effective assignment Allocation of assets could have been unfavorably influenced by approaches preferring amassing in Asian economies including socialization, money related suppression and hazard bouncing. Significant parts of achievement of East Asia was caught by showcase neighborly methodology and these economies are portrayed by high portion of universal exchange total national output, smaller scale monetarily steady, solid rivalry among firms and putting vigorously in individuals. There are distinctive arrangement instruments and designation of assets among private area is guided by broad mediation of government in showcase. Fare push methodology as a piece of empowering development of quick produced trades has brought about a few advantages (Stubbs 2017). A portion of the advantages include increment remote innovation securing, quick development in profitability and effective assignment. The urban wages were shut to gracefully cost of work as a result o f salary development and higher profitability in agribusiness. The pay of provincial and urban work having comparative aptitudes have seen an unpleasant increment. Credit portion in these economy was impacted by making of money related foundations, improving determination of private banks by guideline authorization and utilizing open and private banks to guide credit to explicit firms (Neilson et al. 2014). The cautious mediations of arrangements have profited as far as quick development experienced by Japan and the majority of East Asian economies. A few expense were acquired because of such intercessions and such expense were held by high East Asian economies government inside characterized limits. Considering these, express endowments and worldwide loan fees were monetarily reasonable sounds. Government rapidly forsakes and adjusts such mediation on the off chance that it presents danger to financial soundness (Preston and Windso

The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One

Section 1: The Right to Make War Since 1795, when Immanuel Kant distributed in his mature age his treatise on "Perpetual Peace," many have thought of it as a built up certainty that war is the decimation of all great and the birthplace of all abhorrent. Notwithstanding all that history instructs, no conviction is felt that the battle between countries is unavoidable, and the development of human progress is attributed with a capacity to which war must yield. Be that as it may, undisturbed by such human hypotheses and the difference in times, war has over and over walked from nation to nation with the conflict of arms, and has demonstrated its ruinous just as innovative and refining power. It has not prevailing with regards to training humankind what its genuine nature is. Extensive stretches of war, a long way from persuading men regarding the need of war, have, despite what might be expected, constantly restored the desire to reject war, where conceivable, from the political intercourse of countri es. This desire and this expectation are broadly dispersed even today. The support of harmony is commended as the main objective at which diplomacy should point. This unfit want for harmony has gotten in our days a very particular control over men's spirits. This yearning discovers its open articulation in harmony classes and harmony congresses; the Press of each nation and of each gathering opens its sections to it. The current toward this path is, to be sure, so solid that most of Governments proclaim - apparently, at any rate- - that the need of keeping up harmony is the genuine point of their approach; while when a war breaks out the assailant is all around defamed, and all Governments endeavor, incompletely in all actuality, somewhat in affectation, to douse the blaze. Pacific beliefs, certainly, are only sometimes the genuine rationale of their activity. They ordinarily utilize the need of harmony as a shroud under which to advance their own political points. This was the genuine situation of undertakings at the Hague Congresses,[1] and this is likewise the significance of the activity of the United States of America, who as of late have truly attempted to finish up arrangements for the foundation of Arbitration Courts, most importantly with England, yet in addition with Japan, France, and Germany. No pragmatic outcomes, it must be stated, have so far been accomplished. We can barely expect that a genuine love of harmony prompts these endeavors. This is appeared by the way that unequivocally those Powers which, as the more fragile, are presented to hostility, and along these lines were in the best need of global assurance, have been totally ignored in the American proposition for Arbitration Courts.

Writing Strong College Application Essays

Writing Strong College Application EssaysCollege application essays are an important part of the admissions process. If your high school or college didn't provide a good academic foundation, you may be surprised to find that a lot of colleges won't even consider you unless you submit a strong essay. The student-centered essay guides and examples on this page can help you craft your very own unique idea statement for your college application.Whether you are applying to a selective college, a community college, or a four-year university, a highly specific college essay is necessary. You should put your best foot forward in this crucial area. Use the samples on this page as a guide to show you how to create your own unique statement, and then determine if your essay needs some tweaks.You should use the examples as a reference, but you should change a few things about the essays before you write yours. For example, most college applications ask for a statement that discusses your life ex periences. You should focus on ideas from your work, or current events, to better express your viewpoint.Some students decide not to use their personal interests as a part of their essays. This is understandable, but it can make the writing process appear boring and unclear. Use the examples in these essays as a way to flesh out your topic, and remember that each college application has different guidelines and expectations.A more specialized group of college application essays are those written about one's current or past profession. This is an area where the samples on this page can help you make the most of your experience. There are several types of professional experiences that you might include in your essay, including job interviews, team meetings, presentation topics, and summaries of papers you have written.These sample essays are all focused on a student's writing style. To give yourself a head start, write your own essay first. If you are given a topic to write about and it seems so vague that you can't think of a single word, you will likely fail your college admission essay.One of the most important parts of the college application essay is a clear explanation of your thoughts about the school or college that you are considering. With the many examples on this page, you will find a variety of ways to speak about the specific reasons you want to attend the school, or the specific reason that you would like to transfer to another college. You will also find several samples of writing topics that reflect your personality.Using these samples will help you plan your college application essays by focusing your content around a single topic. You will avoid the common mistakes that keep students from effectively writing their admissions essays. You will also find examples of personalized writing style that will help you stand out from the crowd.

Question Requested for Review of the Book Blackberry - 825 Words

Question Requested for Review of the Book Blackberry (Book Review Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateReviewing, Hamlets Blackberry Emergence of computers connects people to the outside content and makes life easier. However, managing the connection between the computer age and the current lifestyle causes makes the technology a hindrance to the economy. Connection to the current issues makes people suffer from lack of focus and busyness. In the book, Hamlets Blackberry by William Powers, the author seeks for guidance from people who struggled with issues of similar magnitude. Media has created new ways of depriving and enriching the ambivalences. The author highlights seven great thinkers who reflects on this issue. William Powers asserts that Gutenberg, Ben Franklin, Plato, Seneca, and McLuhan share opinions on impact of new behavior on Franklins model. A book that deals with media and digital age can become irrelevant after some time. Thus, the author can avoid this ambiguity when he or she updates the relevant information. The author can u pdate the title of the book after a sometime. For instance, Blackberry is irrelevant in our society after emergence of Android and iPhone. The title of the book would suggest, Hamlets Android or iPhone. The issue in the book is irrelevant since its publication. It is related to conundrum of connectedness. The emergence of mobile phones and computers have made life easier. They connect people to the outer world when it links content and the people. Innovation also keeps human mind busy as it manages his or her reactions to arising issues. Human beings tend to forget what to do but instead focus on important things. Power narrates his past as writer with The Washington Post, the author opines that his contribution to technology and media does not blame the tools that make us busy. Power understands that human beings keep themselves busy with given tools. The author proposes that human beings need a new way of looking at a new digital philosophy (Powers 4). Human beings ought to conne ct outward to deal with ways of responding to outward connection. Human beings require connection to answer to calls and connect with the outer world.The author also proposes that the major way of solving the issue is to strike a balance between two existing impulses. I duly support this assertion though it is not worth reading the whole 267 pages. The author makes the book interesting when he uses examples of the past to seek guidance from great thinkers to solve dilemmas in the modern technology era. The permanent solution to the dilemmas about technology is to keep away from the crowd and give yourself time to reflect on relevant issue. According to Plato, connectedness means talking to the people in the city to make your schedule busy. The author also shows how distance of the author from the crowd helped refocus on invention of written language to offload information and speak freely. However, it is difficult to distance yourself when the crowd follows you on your mobile devic e. More so, Seneca proposes that one can avoid noises when he or she creates inner distance in the writing process. Seneca exemplifies how he dealt with keeping away from noise. He states that he documented letters to Lucilius, his friend. Seneca states that writing helps one form private experience on reflection. However, writing requires discipline of Stoic, To force the mind to become self-absorbed and not let outside things distract it (Powers 101). Silent reading is another way of opening development and reflection on individual thinking. Powers acknowledges that Gutenberg brought this introspection out when he invented the printing press. It took a long time for people to go for an inner journey through writing and reading the alphabet. Media is becoming more social thus hindering the ability to privatize humanity. Devices used such as computers and phones stream notification on the gadgets of other users. The devices interrupt our privacy thus affecting our thoughts. We sho uld not blame the devices we use as they act as a...

On Why Supporting the Meat Industry is Unethical An...

Factory farming and the entire meat industry in general have long been regarded as such which is reeking with unethical practices and injustices for both the animals and humans directly and indirectly involved. Organizations such as Mercy for Animals which is an activist group that speak out against such poor treatment of the animals used for our consumption (SOURCE) while people such as Upton Sinclair became part of a catalyst for an industry wide revolution for the workers through his 1906 novel, The Jungle. There is without a doubt, a problem with this industry still to this day; however, to acknowledge the problems of the industry and then subsequently continuing to support the meat industry is unethical in light of the practical and†¦show more content†¦The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations released, in 2006, a publication which looked over the environmental impact of livestock on the planet. The conclusions found from that report are that up to 70 % of grazing land is considered degraded, livestock contributes in CO2 approximately 18% of the climate change, and livestock accounts for about 37% of methane emissions.As we continue to find out the extent of the effects of these things, we must take these things into consideration. Presently, however, the conclusions found from this report among others the impact on the environment is substantial and at unsustainable levels for the near and far future. Factory farm bred animal meat is not the only viable option for meat and /or protein sources. Newly synthesized in late 2013 successfully, laboratory created meat does not have nearly the environmental impact due to the process in which it is made. Another option would be increased or completely replacing traditional meat with the use of meat substitutes such as tofu or legumes. Vegetable based agriculture does not have not have such high impacts on the globe and allows for more sustainable living. The final two options for corporate industrial meat are consuming meat from local community farms or hunting local wildlife. Local farming does not use as many resources such as feed or long distance shipping nor doShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesstructure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages443 Empowering and Delegating 443 A Management Dilemma Involving Empowerment The Dirty Dozen 444 The Meaning of Empowerment 445 Historical Roots of Empowerment 446 Dimensions of Empowerment 447 Self-Efficacy 447 Self-Determination 448 Personal Consequence 449 Meaning 449 Trust 450 Review of Empowerment Dimensions 451 How to Develop Empowerment 451 Articulating a Clear Vision and Goals 452 Fostering Personal Mastery Experiences 453 Modeling 454 Providing Support 454 Emotional Arousal 455 ProvidingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesStandards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I? 190 Point/Counterpoint Checklists Lead to Better Decisions 191 CONTENTS xi Questions for Review 192 Experiential Exercise Biases in Decision Making 193 Ethical Dilemma Do Unethical Decisions Come from Bad Character? 193 Case Incident 1 Computerized Decision Making 194 Case Incident 2 Predictions That Didn’t Quite Pan Out 195 7 Motivation Concepts 201 Defining Motivation 202 Early Theories of Motivation 203 HierarchyRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesbusiness environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpoints Coming to terms with the very different future: the implications for marketing planning Approaches to environmental analysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches to customer analysis 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Learning

Oxidation and Reduction Reaction Example Problem

In an oxidation-reduction or redox reaction, it is often confusing to identify which molecule is oxidized in the reaction and which molecule is reduced. This example problem shows how to correctly identify which atoms undergo oxidation or reduction and their corresponding redox agents. Problem For the reaction:2 AgCl(s) H2(g) → 2 H(aq) 2 Ag(s) 2 Cl-Identify the atoms that undergo oxidation or reduction and list the oxidizing and reducing agents. Solution The first step is to assign oxidation states to each atom in the reaction. AgCl:Ag has a 1 oxidation stateCl has a -1 oxidation stateH2 has an oxidation state of zeroH has a 1 oxidation stateAg has an oxidation state of zero.Cl- has a -1 oxidation state. The next step is to check what happened to each element in the reaction. Ag went from 1 in AgCl(s) to 0 in Ag(s). The silver atom gained an electron.H went from 0 in H2(g) to 1 in H(aq). The hydrogen atom lost an electron.Cl kept its oxidation state constant at -1 throughout the reaction. Oxidation involves the loss of electrons and reduction involves the gain of electrons.Silver gained an electron. This means the silver was reduced. Its oxidation state was reduced by one. To identify the reduction agent, we must identify the source of the electron. The electron was supplied by either the chlorine atom or the hydrogen gas. Chlorines oxidation state was unchanged throughout the reaction and hydrogen lost an electron. The electron came from the H2 gas, making it the reduction agent. Hydrogen lost an electron. This means the hydrogen gas was oxidized. Its oxidation state was increased by one.The oxidation agent is found by finding where the electron went in the reaction. Weve already seen how hydrogen gave an electron to silver, so the oxidation agent is the silver chloride. Answer For this reaction, hydrogen gas was oxidized with the oxidizing agent being silver chloride. Silver was reduced with the reducing agent being H2 gas.

Personal Statement My Theological Obligations Essay

Personal Self-Assessment My theological commitments have been refined as a result of this course in many areas. Through reading The Basic by Alister E. McGrath, participating in the forum posts, and taking quizzes, allows me to learned about different theological terms, concepts, and many famous theologians. My knowledge on what I’ve learned from my reading was challenged by the Engaging-a-Text assignments, located at the end of each chapter. It required me to explain theological terms, concepts and view of each theologian in my own words. Another reading required for this course is called the Patron Saints for Postmoderns by Chris R. Armstrong, where I’ve learned about many Saints and contribution to the churches. The Patron Saints Forum allows me to relate theological understandings to the actions of real people. The recent assignment, research paper, was the most difficult paper I have ever written which challenge me to think and respond to a pertinent theological question. While I was havi ng a hard time writing this paper, it helps me reflect on my personal faith. As a result of this assignment, I was able to learn how to approach the different theological issue in the world. Also, skills I’ve learned from writing this research paper constructive thinking, including information literacy. Through this online course, I learned to think theologically about my Christian belief and learn better commitment in the Lord. I’ve also learned to carefully study the scripture whichShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding the Modern State of Christianity as Evangelicals1318 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant changes to the point in which we are today (Fahrsh, 2006). Several doubts among believers existed and this resulted in the existence of many movements. Some of these movements include liberalism, neo orthodoxy and evangelical movement. Theological movements To begin with liberalism movement, it was more common in the 19th and 20th centuries. 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As values change, those caught in the crossfire are forced to make hard choices that are not always popular with those impacted the hardest. The issue that I would like to address in this paper concerns the rights of elderly adults to make decisions regarding their personal lives, and when does that right cease. Should elderly adultsRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4624 Words   |  19 Pagesarticles make to discussion of these issues; 3. having read and considered the relevant literature on these issues, discuss how you are likely to deal with each of the two issues. Your essay should be written in the first person and should include a personal, reflective discussion, but should be scholarly and include a carefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on the mines ofRead MoreEthical Issues in Counselling4637 Words   |  19 Pagesmake to discussion of these issues; 3. having read and considered the relevant literature on these issues, discuss how you are likely to deal with each of the two issues. Your essay should be written in the first person and should include a personal, reflective discussion, but should be scholarly and include a carefully selected references. Provide evidence of your thinking about the issues chosen. Introduction Professional counsellors are increasingly mindful not to step on theRead MoreFinal Project Essay7836 Words   |  32 PagesJohn Hobbs, In partial fulfillment of the requirements for PACO 500 Introduction to Pastoral Counseling Liberty Theological Seminary Lynchburg, VA 12 August 2011 ABSTRACT For this project, I am placing myself in a hypothetical context as a staff pastoral counselor at my home church in Valley City, ND, serving a congregation of approximately 200. I have chosen as my overarching goal for life to serve others in the capacity for which the Lord has gifted me and prepared me to counselRead MoreJudaism s Views On Euthanasia2049 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent components that play a part in a person’s stance on euthanasia, like empathy, suffering, constitutional rights, etc., this paper will concentrate on the religious aspects of the topic. Judaism and Christianity share an abundance of theological similarities. 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Now more than ever, the profession of nursing is in need of leaders who embody the fundamental values of nursing which are largely underpinned by theological philosophies. This paper begins with a personal reflection of leadership through a participative leadership perspective. Next, ethical and legal dilemmas, interprofessional collaboration, the culture of success, and quality are explored through a Christian worldview. TheRead MoreC.S.Lewis1821 Words   |  8 Pagesagainst unbelievers. (leaderu.com) Lewis based his defense of Christianity on an argument from morality. The Moral Argument states that there is a universal â€Å"moral conscience† amongst all human beings. Everybody possesses an internal sense of moral obligation to realize the difference between right and wrong and choose to do what is right. Lewis ascertains that the existence of this common â€Å"moral conscience,† can only be the consequential result from the existence of a god who created all humans. (about

The Environment as a Key Column of the Economy Essay

Essays on The Environment as a Key Column of the Economy Essay The paper "The Environment as a Key Column of the Economy" is an outstanding example of an essay on environmental studies. The environment is a key sector of the Indiana economy. The sector that comprises mining, forestry, agriculture, and fishing among others employs the majority of the population. Export from the sector earns the country's foreign revenue. On the same scale, tax on the commodities raises the fiscal value. Environmental related activities also enable the infrastructural development and facilitate trade (Bergh 522). However, environmental resources are scarce. The unsustainable exploitation of the resources depletes the reserves and increases human vulnerability.   Illegal and uncontrolled logging has the potential to destroy the Indiana forests. The deforestation will, in turn, affect paper printing and other forest-related economic activities. Mostly, depletion of the forest will lead to joblessness in the associated industries. Thus, the challenge of uncontrolled logging affects diverse sectors of the economy (Bergh 542). Likewise, Indiana petroleum, coal, and gas extraction earns the nation immense income through export and internal use. The sectors also employ the majority of the population, mostly the youths. In the event, that the services diminish, Indiana's economy shall experience a challenge of sustaining energy, and power demands. In addition, the country shall lose earning from the trade of commodities. Environmental resources act as a pillar of Indiana’s economic structure. The degradation of the resources will facilitate the scarcity of the same. Usually, poor quality, inaccessibility, and inadequate environmental resource s such as water or land propagate conflicts. The conflicts destroy the already created economic structures and promote human suffering. In addition, no financial investment takes place in conflict areas. In conclusion, the environment is a key column of the economy. Thus, citizens should conserve it for economic prosperity.

Positive Theory Of Social Entrepreneurship â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Positive Theory Of Social Entrepreneurship? Answer: Introduction Organizations often tend to get involved in questionable business management practices that affect the functioning and adversely affect the image of the organization. These questionable management practices involve unethical practices like infringement of labor laws and corruption. FIFA and its questionable practices have been taken as the case study. FIFA has consistently been involved in controversies that have raised questions around the word about its management and decision making (McCrory et al. 2013, pp.250-258). Here the controversy raised by the decision made by FIFA regarding the shift in the schedule of the World Cup 2022 from summer to winter has been discussed. Analysis of questionable practices of various organizations FIFA is one of the most renowned organizations in the world. FIFA is the governing body that controls all the activities related with football. As Gupta (2012) mentioned that, due to the popularity of the sports and high busing power, the organization has high influence over the rest of the world. However, the amount of corruption is increasing rapidly inside the management of this organization. Many authors already have written about rampart corruption in inside the company. They also criticized about some of the policies developed by the company FIFA. According to the institutional theory a company needs to focus on resilient aspects of social culture (Pielke 2013, pp.255-267). There are some controversies of the company have been mentioned below: Qatar 2022: FIFA has planned to organize its world cup competition in Qatar in the year of 2022. However, in the time of summer the temperature of the country goes beyond 122 degrees (Santos 2012, pp.335-351). Hence, FIFA has shifted the world cup at the time of winter. It causes some major schedule clashes. In addition, the small country still does not have the infrastructure to organize the event appropriately (Peters 2011). Labor disputes: Labor problems are not new in FIFA world cup operations. During the world cup in South Africa , workers had to work 18 hours daily for merely 190 rand (Singh 2012, pp.90-100). There are more than fifteen Nepalese workers died during the development of a playground construction project of FIFA in Qatar (Mitra 2015, p.3-5). An investigation has been done by BBC and found that all the migrant workers working for the company are living in a poor condition under a very small payment (Peters 2011). The company needs to develop labor policies with the help of bureaucracy. As Vayanos Woolley (2013, pp.1087-1145) stated that bureaucracy is an organization of non-selective government officials that help organizations to develop separate policies for them. Financial controversies and mismanagement: As Ikafe (2012) mentioned that FIFA is self-controlled organizational body who has its own policies and organizational practices. The company is accused for violating human rights. There are some allegations have been raised against the company FIFA against various financial irregularities. The conflict of interest between various peoples within the organization can be identified with the help of Agency Theory (Longhofer 2014, pp.147-150). For example, Mohammad bin Hammam, who was running to be the president of FIFA resigned after a serious allegation rose against him. He was accused to bribe various member of FIFA to secure the bid of Quatar for 2022 World Cup. According to organizational theories the company has violated the ethical and moral dimensions of employees. They have violated the principles of ethical behavior. For, example Sepp Blatter had given a controversial comment for Womens soccer. He said that womens soccer can be more popular if they wear tight dresses (McCrory e t al. 2013, pp.250-258). This comment indicated total disrespect towards women. This is a clear violation of human rights. Recommendation for improvement The system working with the FIFA has to be altered to facilitate the association to fix the problems from its core. The system needs to incorporate check and balances to improve its decision making process for the association is stuck in neck deep puddles of corruption (Gupta 2012). FIFA needs to reorganize the set up of the association to fight back the extreme corrupt practices that are rampant within the association. The association should come up with an internal auditing body that would be responsible for curbing the corrupt practices by the higher up executives of the board and the other executives. The internal board should be empowered to take stringent decision against executes that would imprint a sense of fear among the executives that are involve in the unethical practices. FIFA needs to concentrate on the fact that ignorance is not always bliss. There have been serious issues identified regarding the wrong decisions made by the referees during the games and the decision to stop playing replays to avoid further controversy is a bad decision and FIFA needs to rectify it. To rectify this issue, FIFA needs to incorporate modern and high end technology to monitor the games and help the referees to take justifiable decisions in future. FIFA was involved with some labor dispute in the past. FIFA needs to monitor the implement the labor laws of the different countries that are organizing the games. Large amount of labor are required to build the infrastructure that are required for organizing the games and it has been noticed that there have been irregularities in following the labor laws of the respective countries. FIFA needs to set up bodies that would specifically concentrate to monitor that he countries are abiding the labor laws to avoid any further controversies. Conclusion The questionable management practices are responsible for heavily damaging the image of the association and have compelled soccer lovers to ponder upon the fact whether the love for the game is bigger than justice. FIFA needs to implement these recommendations to reinstating their image and build a positive environment for the association among the soccer lovers. These recommendations are to be implemented with extreme caution and precision. FIFA needs to fight back and eradicate the drawbacks of the present system that operates the functioning of the association which would help the association to make up for the disheartening of the soccer lovers. Reference list Gupta, A., 2012.Red tape: Bureaucracy, structural violence, and poverty in India. Duke University Press. Ikafe, J., 2012.Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. Cambridge University Press. Longhofer, S., 2014. Contracting Away Sovereignty: The Case of Brazil, FIFA, and the Agreement for the Right to Host the 2014 World Cup.Transnat'l L. Contemp. Probs.,23, pp.147-150. McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W.H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvo?k, J., Echemendia, R.J., Engebretsen, L., Johnston, K., Kutcher, J.S., Raftery, M. Sills, A., 2013. Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012.British journal of sports, 47(5), pp.250-258. Mitra, A., 2015. Ethical Analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, An.Law Bus. Rev. accounting..,21, p.3-5. Peters, B.G., 2011.Institutional theory in political science: the new institutionalism. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Pielke, R., 2013. How can FIFA be held accountable?.Sport management review,16(3), pp.255-267. Santos, F.M., 2012. A positive theory of social entrepreneurship.Journal of business ethics,111(3), pp.335-351. Singh, H., 2012. In Search of a Level Playing Field: Rules, Morals and the Jurisprudence of Sport.International Journal of Sport Society,3(1), pp.90-100. Vayanos, D. Woolley, P., 2013. An institutional theory of momentum and reversal.Review of Financial Studies,26(5), pp.1087-1145.

The Bamboo Forest Fighting Sequence free essay sample

Francheska Sanchez Professor Charles French ENG255 Literature and Film August 4, 2010 A Sequence Analysis: â€Å"The Bamboo Forest Fighting Sequence† in Ang Lee’s Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Perhaps, the powerful storyline of the Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was what encouraged one of the greatest cinematic martial arts directors Ang Lee, to make a film out of the Chinese novel. In this film, Lee’s primary function is not only to portray skillfully choreographed fighting scenes, but also to connect powerful sequences of events that touches upon the emotional complex human condition that is associated with both the Taoist and Buddhist belief systems. By not allowing action to be the sole guiding force of the narrative of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Lee has indeed made some adaptation to the Taoist and Buddhist philosophy. The Bamboo Forest Fighting scene adjoins all of these elements in a beautiful sequence. The clear Buddhist and Taoist philosophies shine through each element of the sequence to produce a working subtext that respects and frames the culture of the myths origin. The Bamboo Forest Fighting scene is the encounter between two of the main characters Jen Yu (Zhang Ziyi) and Li Mu Bai (Chow Yun-Fat) where they are atop bamboo trees in a duel. This is an excellent choreographed, but non-traditional fighting scene as well. The characters both seem like they are dancing with the bamboo. In Taoist philosophy returns to the principle of allowing chi to flow without struggle, and thus the Tao informs the dance-like, rhythmic, and wavy qualities of the martial arts portrayed in the sequence; Buddhism philosophy identifies the bamboo as emptiness and true mind, thus allowing Jen Yu and Li Mu Bai to calm their mind in the forest. These principles also affect the graceful martial arts style of the sequence, martial arts that occurs often, and which is surrounded by such mystery, that it becomes a character of its own. In the bamboo forest sequence, time and space become both illogical and inconsistent as time slows down, and Jen Yu and Li Mu Bai find themselves in a long branch facing each other (L. S. ). Another shot in the sequence, when Jen Yu is falling through the bamboo stems a low-angle shot makes her seem vulnerable as if the bamboo controls her; the next shot Li Mu Bai is at a high-angle shot looking towards Jen Yu, which makes him look graceful and dominant of the situation in the sequence. Time slows down to establish the peace, strength and the relationship between the characters. It is this combination of a duel revealing that establishes the psychological fine points of the characters. The characters within are not simply physical beings designed to carry out the action, but instead they are developed and complicated. Therefore, Lee not only creates multi-dimensional characters, but he also displays an acute understanding of the codes and conventions of the Taoist and Buddhist ideas. These Buddhist and Taoist principles mention are the backbone forming Li Mu Bai, but represents the basic antithesis to Jen Yu actions and reactions despite her skills of fighting. Instead of moving in harmony with the flow of chi she rebels against it. In the sequence there is a moment when they are both atop a bamboo stem and Jen Yu is trying hard to unbalance Li Mu Bai, but he looks at her with this pure innocent smile. He seems so calm and in balance with nature, because he and nature are both one. That affirms the Taoist and Buddhist beliefs. While, Jen Yu seems frustrated, unfocused, and unbalance. This specific bamboo forest sequence doesn’t have much verbal communication, but more physical in the sense of the environment and the characters. The verbal interaction is replaced by the significance of color (background) and lighting in the sequence. Specific colors and lighting were used in respect to the Taoist and Buddhist principles. Green what is mostly seen in this sequence represents quite a broad view of what is flowing within and around the characters. The green symbolizes nature, eternal life, hope, and rebirth among other things. The lighting is high key; it doesn’t draw attention to anything specific, but puts everything as one, which is part of the Taoist and Buddhist philosophy. In the bamboo forest, long shots of the natural environment are used to show he connection of the environment with Taoism. You see this simplicity, balance, oneness and connection of nature in the fighting sequence. The characters do not stand out from the landscape. They intermingle against the trees blending in with the environment. The medium shots in the sequence, especially aerials, allow a sense of the larger scene, while c lose ups of the actors during the sequence give extremely intimate moments. The camera follows angled shots to create an interesting dynamic in the bamboo forest aerial sequence, the camera literally weaves with the movement of the characters. While dynamic angled shots and weaving camerawork help the sequence, simple framing, over the shoulder shots and medium shots help restore stability and harmony to the frame. In the sequence, the harmonious framing of long shots involving the natural environment implies sadness, since nature represents the metaphor for change and passing. Such shots create a deep and light quality that filter through the sequence photography. High quality photography values give presentation to the acting values of the sequence. The sequence construction consciously seeks for balance within itself the photography, which glues the sequence distinct elements into a unified framework. In the photography of the sequence, harmonious balance and symmetry rule, and are suggestive of Chinese landscape painting, and art form also influenced heavily by Taoism. Chinese painting and Taoism are like yin and yang, for one cannot exist without the other. Indeed one might almost say that Chinese painting, particularly landscape painting, is a projection in visual terms of Taoist and Buddhist philosophy. It is a demonstration of endless process of harmonizing opposites, which goes on in the sequence. Photography and the long shots of the bamboo forest create a powerful sense by giving us the viewer a sense of dimension, as well as allowing the actors a chance to react. Overlaying the masterful photography work, the bamboo forest scene sound represents the finishing touch of the sequence, a final powerful link in the creative chain that heightens the timeless and lyrical tone. As well as taking the audience on a journey downs the emotional paths of the characters as they struggle. For the majority of the sequence sound, there is low and wistful cello that runs between sections of the bamboo forest fight sequence. It’s directed completely to make you feel a certain thing: happiness, fear, serenity, and nature. The importance of music in Taoist ceremony is demonstrated by revealing how central beliefs are reflected through elements of music such as harmony, instrumentation and rhythm. Taoists believe that music is a way to speak to the gods, to inspire religious followers and to achieve inner harmony, bringing the listener or participant closer to Tao. Tao is the path to enlightenment, the goal of all followers of the Taoist faith. We can see these principles applied to the bamboo forest scene. The character of Li Mu Bai is seeking for Jen Yu to come to harmony with herself, to enlightenment. By examining the role of music in Taoist rituals, it is evident that instrumentation and vocalization play central roles. The structure of the event has been shown to symbolize the balance ideal of Taoism. In the balanced philosophy of Taoism without music there would only be silence, solitary, alone and unbalanced. Ultimately, Lee’s final product portrays a diverse convention from the past martial arts films. He chose a powerful novel that took in respect his and his ancestors background of spirituality and religious ideals. And he flourished it into a classical Chinese cinema film that associated the teachings of the Taoist and Buddhist. The film defies the laws of logic and reality, but despite all the effort placed on the aesthetic principles, the flawless elements of mise-en-scene bought it all together.

Pp Lab Report Digestion Sample

Pp Lab Report Digestion Paper Dependent variable. Amount of bile acids in solution amount of fiber in meal gesture in meal, size of meal particles, calories and nutrients in meal 4, Name the type to method used to measure transit time. Radiophone 5. Name the type of method used to measure the amount of bile acids in solution. Spectrophotometer Results Table 3. Effect of Fiber on Transit Time Number of Markers in Stomach Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3 Average percentage of the total markers Standard diet Minutes after markers ingestion. Number of markers present. 60 min 180 min 240 m in Insoluble fiber-rich diet 240 min 21 Soluble fiber-rich diet 10 19 Laboratory Report/ Hope Schaller/ Effect of Dietary Fiber on Transit Time and Bile/ Dry. Whither / 03. 08. 2015/ Page [1] of [4] Food Transition Through the Stomach 1. For the standard meal, what is the average percentage of markers remaining in the stomach at 60 min. 180 min, and 240 min? 79, 25, O 2. For the meal with insoluble fibers, what is the average percentage of markers remaining in the stomach at 60 min, 180 min, and 240 minutes? 79, 29, 4 2. For the meal with insoluble fibers vatu is the average percentage of markers remaining in the stomach at 60 min, 180 min, and 240 min? Im Bona assume this is soluble fibers since I already did soluble? F its 83, 38, 8 4 Which meal had the greatest average percentage of markers in the stomach at 180 minutes? We will write a custom essay sample on Pp Lab Report Digestion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pp Lab Report Digestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pp Lab Report Digestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Editing Your Medical School Personal Statements

Editing Your Medical School Personal Statements Medical school personal statements can be extremely arduous and complicated essays to compose. That is why I recommend that anyone planning to apply to medical school secure the services of a professional admissions essays editor to help. A reliable professional admissions essays editor can help make the overall writing process much easier, and can assist you in making your final product a true work of genius. Contrary to popular belief, hiring a professional editor to help with your medical school personal statement does not alleviate you from having to do most of the work. As with any other written composition to whom you would submit a professional editor, your medical school personal statement must be well-organized, complete, and written to the best of your ability. It is important to remember that the job of a professional admissions essay editor is not to write your paper for you, but rather to proof and correct your efforts. Finding a professional editor to assist with your medical school personal statement is easy with the help of the Internet. In my opinion, the easiset way to find a professional editor is to conduct an online search via a reputable Internet search engine, and then choose from the variety of results. When choosing a professional editor, make sure that he or she is well qualified and will be willing to review several drafts. Hiring a professional editor will make the task of having to write a medical school personal statement much less stressful. For help in finding an editor or if you would like additional information on medical school essays, please dont hesitate to contact me. In the meanwhile, I encourage you to take advantage of the link provided on this page. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource where you can find all sorts of admissions information.

Examining the Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing

Examining the Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing Like many issues in public education, standardized testing can be a controversial topic among parents, teachers, and voters. Many people say standardized testing provides an accurate measurement of student performance and teacher effectiveness. Others say such a one-size-fits-all approach to assessing academic achievement can be inflexible or even biased. Regardless of the diversity of opinion, there are some common arguments for and against standardized testing in the classroom. Standardized Testing Pros Proponents of standardized testing say that it is the best means of comparing data from a diverse population, allowing educators to digest large amounts of information quickly. They argue that: Its accountable.  Probably the greatest benefit of standardized testing is that educators and schools are responsible for teaching students what they are required to know for these standardized tests. This is mostly because these scores become public record, and teachers and schools that don’t perform up to par can come under intense examination. This scrutiny can lead to the loss of jobs. In some cases, a school can be closed or taken over by the state. Its analytical.  Without standardized testing, this comparison would not be possible. Public school students in Texas, for example, are required to take standardized tests, allowing test data from Amarillo to be compared to scores in Dallas. Being able to accurately analyze data is a primary reason that many states have adopted the Common Core state standards. Its structured.  Standardized testing is accompanied by a set of established standards or an instructional framework to guide classroom learning and test preparation. This incremental approach creates benchmarks to measure student progress over time. Its objective.  Standardized tests are often scored by computers or by people who do not directly know the student to remove the chance that bias would affect the scoring. Tests are also developed by experts, and each question undergoes an intense process to ensure its validity- that it properly assesses the content- and its reliability, which means that the question tests consistently over time. Its granular.  The data generated by testing can be organized according to established criteria or factors, such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and special needs. This approach provides schools with data to develop targeted programs and services for improving student performance. Standardized Testing Cons Opponents of standardized testing say educators have become too fixated on scores and preparing for these exams. Some of the most common arguments against testing are: Its inflexible.  Some students may excel in the classroom yet not perform well on a standardized test because theyre unfamiliar with the format or develop test anxiety. Family strife, mental and physical health issues, and language barriers can all affect a students test score. But standardized tests dont allow personal factors to be taken into consideration. Its a waste of time.  Standardized testing causes many teachers to teach to the tests, meaning they only spend instructional time on material that will appear on the test. Opponents say this practice lacks creativity and can hinder a student’s overall learning potential. It cant measure true progress.  Standardized testing only evaluates one-time performance instead of a students progress and proficiency over time. Many would argue that teacher and student performance should be evaluated for growth over the course of the year instead of one single test. Its stressful.  Teachers and students alike feel test stress. For educators, poor student performance may result in a loss of funding and teachers being fired. For students, a bad test score may mean missing out on admission to the college of their choice or even being held back. In Oklahoma, for example, high school students  must pass four standardized tests  in order to graduate, regardless of their GPA. (The state gives seven standardized  end-of-instruction (EOI) exams in Algebra I, Algebra II, English II, English III, Biology I, geometry and U.S. history. Students  who fail to pass at least four of these exams  can’t get a high school diploma.) Its political.  With public and charter schools both competing for the same public funds, politicians and educators have come to rely even more on standardized test scores. Some opponents of testing argue that low-performing schools are unfairly targeted by politicians who use academic performance as an excuse to further their own agendas.

Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Teamwork - Essay Example Teamwork In organizations in which cohesiveness is present within team settings the members of the team display greater motivation. These employees value the time they spend with their co-workers. There is a lower employee turnover and lower absenteeism in companies with cohesive team units. A cohesive team unit is not achieved overnight; it takes time for employees to build trust in each other. It is more likely to cohesiveness to manifest itself when group members are similar in age, attitudes, needs and backgrounds (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003, p.202). Another factor that is favorable to achieve cohesiveness is to creating small size teams. The optimum size of a team is between four and seven members (Yeatts & Hyten, 1998). When a group is too big it becomes difficult to the member to build close relationships with each other, thus cohesiveness is harder to achieve. Creating cohesiveness within a team is important, but from an organizational perspective cohesiveness is only attractive if it enables the firm to a higher work performance. A way to determine if cohesiveness is adding value to a company is by measuring the match of cohesiveness with performance norms. If a specific work team has a high degree of cohesiveness, but the performance of the team has not improved over time or has declined then it is possible that cohesiveness is having a negative impact on the work output of the team unit.

Culture and Identity Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Culture and Identity - Literature review Example To understand the significance of the representations of media and the culture is also the need to examine how culture and identity is defined and how this may be affected by media perceptions or conflicts. The question of how the media changed or portrayed culture through 7/7 events can then be understood by building a sense of how culture and identity fit into a given society. Defining Culture and Identity The concept of culture and identity is one that is based on perception and the way in which one interacts within society. Identity begins with an individual and how the one person understands their own realities, experiences and expressions. The personalities, behaviours and the association which one has with others become the main attributes of identity. The concept of creating labels at an individual level becomes the main component that is associated with personality and identity and changes the way that most associate with others. This begins with the psychological relationsh ip one has to the labels and the desire to be a specific identity. This mental decision then creates an attraction to specific groups and segments in society. It is the similarities that are a part of the individual and that create a relationship to others that creates the sense of culture, or belonging to a group that has the same identity (Postmes, Jetten, 12: 2006). As the concept of identity begins to form in groups, the culture is formed with specific behaviours and ideals. Physical, mental and behavioural similarities often relate to the group that has formed and which creates a culture. However, the similarity is that each individual believes there is a similarity within themselves that is reflected in the group, either physical or through behaviour. Acculturation and adaptation combine with this at a different psychological level to create a set of relationships that can work toward the same identity. For instance, religious changes, adapting to physical presence that is exp ressed by the group and associating with mannerisms are able to add into the reflection of the culture. The conceptualization of a culture from different perspectives creates the main changes that are a part of the group (Berry et al, 303: 2006). The process of building culture becomes associated with the basis of psychological relationships which are created and the defining of behaviours and interactions which are comfortable to various individuals. The reflection that is seen then becomes a part of a minority or majority group. If the comfort is from ethnicity or race, then defined behaviours are also known to associate with this. The relationship between the individual and a segment of society becomes important in defining the way in which the individual perceives their own identity and how this integrates into the building of various groups. When looking at the definition of culture, it can be seen that individual identities that find similarities integrate to create groups and segments within a given society. Communication and Culture The concept of culture and the way in which this is expressed becomes based on various levels of communication used among groups and to show identity. The communication is not only based on the language and basic affiliation with a culture. There are also purposes that are used behind the cultural connotations and

Beowulf As Christian Allegory :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf As Christian Allegory Beowulf’s story is somewhat of an allegory in which he is depicted as the Christ figure. The theme of Beowulf is a contrast of good and evil which is manifest in both Christian and pagan elements; Beowulf represents good, while Grendel, his mother, and the dragon represent evil. The first monster our hero, Beowulf, faces is Grendel. Grendel is said to be a descendant of Cain. â€Å"Unhappy creature (Grendel), he lived for a time in the home of the monsters’ race, after God had condemned them as kin of Cain† (Norton, 28). Cain is the son of Eve, the woman who bore sin into the world. A connection, however vague, can be made between the maternal relations of Eve and Cain and Grendel and his mother. Grendel’s mother can be considered to personify man’s fall from grace and Grendel himself might embody sin. Furthermore, the dragon Beowulf battles can be said to be a picture of Satan: â€Å"the smooth hateful dragon who flies at night wrapped in flameâ⠂¬  (56). When facing Grendel, Beowulf relies on God alone to protect him, saying, "†¦may wise God, Holy Lord, assign glory on whichever hand seems good to Him† (36). When Beowulf tears off Grendel’s arm, Hrothgar remarks, â€Å"I endured much from the foe, many griefs from Grendel† (39). It could be said that the Christian foe is sin, which causes much grief. Against Grendel’s mother, original sin, Beowulf becomes the Christian soldier. When Beowulf struggles against Grendel’s mother, God grants him a precious gift: â€Å"The Wielder of Men granted me that I should see hanging on the wall a fair, ancient, great-sword – most often He has guided the man without friends – that I should wield the weapon† (Norton, 48). This great sword is further described as â€Å"a victory-blessed blade, an old sword made by the giants†¦ the work of giants† (Norton, 47). The sword used to slay Grendel’s mother is work of her ancestral giants, who were godly until they fell from grace. â€Å"From (Cain) sprang all bad breeds, trolls and elves and monsters – likewise the giants who for a long time strove with God† (Norton, 28). Therefore, the sword was god-forged and godly. Here the hero is using â€Å"the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God† to prevail (The Book of Ephesians 6.17, Bible). In his battle with the dragon (which may represent Satan) Beowulf is martyred, losing his life in the of the killing the dragon.

Plato’s View of Justice in the Republic Essay

Having lived an extraordinarily long life (for his time), with no consistent doctrine of belief, it has become customary to divide Plato’s writings chronologically into three periods, Early, Middle and Late. The Republic, a collection of ten books, is thought to have been written after Phaedo during the ‘middle-period’ of Plato’s life. It is during this period that Plato’s philosophy becomes his own rather than a commentary on Socrates beliefs and sayings. It is important to remember that Plato’s time was an age of constant upheaval and it is this air of upheaval and constant change that led him to focus on his societies’ failings and to put forward a structured society that puts his view of justice into practice. The main theme of The Republic is to define justice and other virtues and to put forward an idea for a Utopian city-state based on his beliefs on justice and virtue to show how these ideals could be implemented. The text takes the form of a dramatised discourse between certain characters of differing backgrounds and beliefs. The use of a dramatised debate is a useful way to demonstrate the way Plato (whose ideas are represented by the character of Socrates) would handle his sceptics. It also serves to show the development of his thought through discussion and to sceptic-proof his argument by foreseeing potential counter arguments. Plato starts demonstrating his definition by taking some popular conceptions of what justice means and whether it is better to live a just life. In book one the debate starts with a statement made by Cephalus, an old, retired self-made manufacturer. Cephalus puts forward the view that as people grow older they become more aware of religious teachings regarding retribution in the afterlife for living an unjust life and therefore monitor they’re own behaviour, in the past and present: ‘And when he finds that the sum of his transgressions is great he will many a time like a child start up in his sleep for fear, and he is filled with dark forebodings.’ He is saying that idea of justice is something that is merely a doctrine enforced by the unproven premise of damnation. If fear of an unproven afterlife is the reasoning for living a just life then the argument for justice is weak and reliant on blind faith. If an individual does not believe in ‘Hades’ or Hell then what stops him from acting unjustly? Continuing on Cephalus states ‘Wealth can do a lot to save from having to cheat or deceive someone against our will and from having to depart for that other place in fear because we owe a sacrifice to a god or money to a person’. By this Cephalus means that by having ample wealth he never had the need to be unjust to anyone. He could afford to appease the Gods with sacrifice and to keep his debts paid. This first presented description of justice is flawed. Socrates gives the following example to prove this: Suppose that a friend when in his right mind has deposited arms with me and he asks for them when he is not in his right mind, ought I to give them back to him? No one would say that I ought or that I should be right in doing so, any more than they would say that I ought always to speak the truth to one who is in his condition.’ Socrates, by Cephalus’s definition just living, was acting in a just way when he returned weapons to a maniacal friend (paying his debts). The modern day equivalent of this scenario is the United Nations returning a previously confiscated nuclear weapon to an insane and potentially violent state in full knowledge that it will be used to wreak havoc (injustice). This demonstrates that Cephalus’s popular description of justice is weak and potentially unjust! Later in book 1, When Socrates criticizes Polemarchus’ idea that man should spite his enemies, Thrasymachus puts his view forward; ‘Since the established rule is surely stronger, anyone who reasons correctly will conclude that the just is the same everywhere, namely the advantage of the  stronger’ . Using this idea Thrasymachus has declared that justice is the preserve of the strong and powerful. Justice is whatever the powerful dictate to the masses. He then goes on to state that it is the duty of the poor to rise up and take what they can from the rich. Socrates refutes all these ideas. He believes that the poor should accept the true justice that is imposed on them by the government. This is an idea that is crucial to the utopia he will later describe. Thrasymachus demonstrates a sophistic belief that injustice is more profitable to the individual than justice. By restating his belief that only the powerful have control over justice and successfully canvassing for a general consensus that rulers are fallible he shows that justice (as administered by the powerful) is ‘harmful to the one who obeys and serves’ . This in itself makes a certain degree of sense since in our own modern times we consistently see examples of ‘justice’ (as administered by the powerful) being non-beneficial to the weak and subservient. The most recently highlighted example would be the recent focus on Taliban-governed Afghanistan. Justice to the population of a Taliban controlled region meant harsh punishments and draconian, puritanical laws. This is what by European standards would be called unjust. If Thrasymachus had stopped his argument at this point then he would have contributed an important element to the definition of justice that we assume in our use of the word today, that which is morally correct. However as Thrasymachus is from a sophistic background (i.e. teacher of economics and rhetoric with especially capitalistic, profit driven motivations) he continues into a less popular (by modern standards) potential consequence of his argument, injustice is more profitable than justice. Through clever debate and reasoning with Thrasymachus, Plato (through his ‘mouthpiece’ character, Socrates) arises at the following conclusion: ‘Apparently, then, injustice has the power, first, to make whatever it arises in-whether it is a city, a family, an army, or anything else-incapable of achieving anything as a unit, because of civil wars and differences it  creates, and second, it makes that unit an enemy to itself and to what is in every way its opposite, namely justice.’ This statement shows the Sophist’s argument to be a contradiction. It is impossible for a belief to be profitable if it simply leads to dissent amongst the parties seeking profit. It is impossible for injustice to serve anyone if it is an enemy to itself. Plato points out that for a collective of individuals to act out injustice and all profit from the act there must originally be some sort of justice present to prevent them all betraying each other, an ‘honour amongst thieves’ of sorts. The argument for injustice does not end with book one and returns briefly early in book two. At the end of book one Plato is no longer refuting suggestions on the nature of justice and is no speaking in a pro-active, positive manner. He begins to start to build his own ideas of justice. He believes justice to be more profitable than injustice describing the comparison like so; ‘a just person is happy and an unjust one is wretched’ . This conclusion is reached in the p receding lines when Thrasymachus to agrees that justice is a virtue of the soul and therefore that a soul cannot perform well if its particular virtue is faulty. There is another important argument that Plato addresses in book two, where Glaucon, the youth, returns to Thrasymachus’s argument with an amendment. Glaucon asserts that it is profitable for the individual to pretend to be just but live their life in an unjust manner. The idea behind this being that the individual can appear to have the virtue of justice to others without having to be burdened with the responsibilities and constraints of living a just life. To consider all of these arguments and how they are presented would take many theses and, although relevant to this essay topic, I must move on to Plato’s own decisions of what justice is and their implementation in his polis due to space and time constraints. Plato has argued that living justly is much more superior to living unjustly because justice breeds happiness and contentment. The next step for Plato, to state and demonstrate his own positive views on justice and why it is ‘profitable’, is to describe a city-state, a polis, which is an ideal Utopia where all citizens live in harmonious eudemonia. By using the macrocosm of  the state he will show how justice can be implemented in the individual. Plato believes in the immortality of the soul (a consequence of nous ) and its division into three parts, which in turn are affected by ordering powers. The three parts of the soul are the spiritual, dedicated to the devotion of honour, the rational, dedicated to reason and logical thought and the appetitive, the basic appetites of the human soul such as sex, acquisitions, praise etc. which must be controlled. This is a fiercely rational and, I would argue, flawed break down of the human character. It takes no account for the emotional aspect of mankind and it is this inhuman and extremely rational view of humanity that would lead to the immediate failure of the polis if it wherever established due to some of the constraints placed on the citizens of the polis as will be seen later on. The virtues (aretai) of the soul that Plato describes in book four are wisdom (sophia), courage (andreia), temperance (sophrosyne) and justice (dikaiosyne). It is this idea of the soul that Plato will use in to socially structure the polis . The aim of this city is to make the soul is happy because all three parts of it are moderated, doing their own jobs and nothing else. This relates to Plato’s view of justice in the following manner. To Plato justice and injustice where to the body what health and disease are in the body. This is a beautiful analogy and is very similar to basic facets of Chinese medicine were disturbance in the mind is viewed as a pivotal cause for ill physical health, one wonders were oriental factors an influence on Plato or vice versa at this time. This correlation of classical Greek and ancient Chinese science is especially apparent in 444d of The Republic when ‘Health is defined as the establishment of an order by nature among the parts of the body; disease as a disturbance of the natural order of rule and subordination among the parts (444d)’ . This reading of Plato by Voeglin makes more sense in the context of the polis, as the disease of injustice is the divisor of peoples and the cause of discontent in society. The polis must be designed in such away that contentment is valued at a premium and corruption and vice made unnecessary and irrelevant. This has parallels with the medieval belief in The Great Chain Of Being. The Great Chain Of Being was a description of the balance of power and harmony in the world that probably was inspired by Augustinian and Platonic thought. At the  top of the chain was God who was linked to the King who was linked to his Aristocracy. If any part of a the chain was broken then the natural order of the world was disrupted. An example of how this was believed to manifest would be the mysterious change of calm weather to storms and supernatural occurrences in Shakespeare’s Macbeth following the usurping of Duncan. By usurping the legitimate ruler the chain was broken and chaos and disorder in the natural world ensued. Such is the occurrence of injustice in the Polis that the natural harmony will fall apart. I will now summarise the structure of the polis and hopefully answer how the distinctive roles of State and the individual maintain a just society. The state is divided into three classes, a producer class, a guardian (military/police) class and a ruling class. Later, Plato creates a new ruling class out of the guardians and calls the military/police class auxiliaries and this new ruling class guardians. The main point of this is to have each class fulfilling a need in the city and not ‘usurping’ any other person/classes role. Again there are similarities with the great chain of being. Everybody minds their own business and keeps to the plan and eudemonia will be intact. The city is based on various natural needs and recognises that harmony starts with the satisfying of life requirements. This idea is a nearly to a throw back to Cephalus who does not act in an unjust way because he wants for nothing. The development of a citizen starts with education. Students are thought a wide range of subjects from the academic to physical. Children are taught philosophy so that there ‘will be established within them, as in a polis, a politea’ . In other words they will have the same balanced wisdom and discipline governing their souls in life with the eudemonia of the state as a living example for the individual. The education also decided what class and profession the child would fit into. Classes could be transcended as children showed an aptitude for different and subjects abilities. Once an individual was placed in his/her class they remained in it for the duration of their lives. This has distinct parallels with the education system of Ireland were an aptitude in school for the academic can raise points for a place in a college that would further train you for a position of relatively  more power than the ‘producer class’. The most apt at philosophy and reason were sidelined for the upper two classes and had their education furthered accordingly. This begs the question of what would happen if the polis were sacked and all the ruling class slain. How could the polis recover from such an event if the lower classes are conditioned and brain-washed into believing that all they can ever be or do is be the sheep at the bottom of the chain of command? Procreation was also a stage-mannered affair. Parents deemed fit to ‘marry’ (or mate) were coupled off by what they believed to be random selection. In fact, the couples were selected for their eugenic qualities and paired off like horses on a stud. Children are taken from their parents at birth. The knowledge of their parent’s identity is never revealed to them nor is the child’s identity revealed to their parents. This anonymity was meant to promote equality between young and older generations. The child, being in full knowledge that it is from a foster family, would not be subject to family pride and would have no particular loyalties to any family as its siblings and parents would be unknown. Every elder could be addressed as father or mother as every peer could be addressed as brother or sister. With no bias towards any particular individual the harmony of the polis is further maintained. As mentioned earlier, Plato’s great failure from a modern standpoint is his inability to account for emotional aspects in the polis. The idea of splitting families was doomed to failure in that likenesses between siblings and parents would be impossible to disguise and some people could find out their relatives in this way. However, it could be argued that the psychological effect of not knowing ones natural family could be a non-issue after generations of people living in this way. The eugenic selection of partners makes a sense of sorts as families with undesirable inherited characteristics could be prevented from passing them on and those with desirable ones could be encouraged to mate. This is reminiscent of a quasi-nazi formula for the Aryan race of Third Reich. If one looks closer  one can see Plato using injustice to keep justice by lying about the random selection of couples. Due to the constraints of time and space I will have to conclude at this point by summarising the above. Plato essentially defines justice in the state as the three classes staying strictly to their individual roles in order to maintain a balance of responsibilities for the greater good of all. The state does this by ruling of over every aspect of an individual’s life from birth and plotting their destiny with the greater good of the polis to mind. It does this through education, censorship and rigorous controls. Only those with a high knowledge of wisdom (philosophy) are fit to rule as they have enough knowledge to know that justice is best for all as it is an essential virtue of the soul (dikaiosyne). Injustice is considered ignorance, as someone with a lot of wisdom could not possibly see injustice as profitable to anyone. The justice in the soul is described as the virtues (aretai) controlling the appetitive parts of the soul. In this post world war two and post ‘Brave New World’ time, it is easy to take The Republic as a strange Nazi/Taliban-esque tyrannical state on a first glance. As a state the polis would most definitely have failed. As macrocosm for justice in the individual it is unsurpassed. Its influence to this day was evident recently when it was voted best philosophical work ever by readers of the web page http://www.philosophers.co.uk. Whilst it has certain ideas that maybe questioned against the standards of modern western Europeans, it will certainly provide insight and debate on many philosophical issues for many years.

Element Abundance of the Universe

The element composition of the universe is calculated by analyzing the light that is emitted and absorbed from stars, interstellar clouds, quasars,  and other objects. The Hubble telescope greatly expanded our understanding of the composition of galaxies and gas in the intergalactic space between them. About 75% of the universe is believed to consist of dark energy and dark matter, which are different from the atoms and molecules that make up the everyday world around us. Thus, the composition of most of the universe is far from understood. However, spectral measurements of stars, dust clouds, and galaxies tell us the elemental composition of the portion that consists of normal matter. Most Abundant Elements in the Milky Way Galaxy This is a table of elements in the Milky Way, which is similar in composition to other galaxies in the universe. Keep in mind, elements represent matter as we understand it. Much more of the galaxy consists of something else! Element Element Number Mass Fraction (ppm) hydrogen 1 739,000 helium 2 240,000 oxygen 8 10,400 carbon 6 4,600 neon 10 1,340 iron 26 1,090 nitrogen 7 960 silicon 14 650 magnesium 12 580 sulfur 16 440    Most Abundant Element in the Universe Right now, the most abundant element in the universe is hydrogen. In stars, hydrogen fuses into helium. Eventually, massive stars (around 8 times more massive than our Sun) run through their supply of hydrogen. Then, the core of helium contracts, supplying enough pressure to fuse two helium nuclei into carbon. Carbon fuses into oxygen, which fuses into silicon and sulfur. Silicon fuses into iron. The star runs out of fuel and goes supernova, releasing these elements back into space. So, if helium fuses into carbon you may be wondering why oxygen is the third most abundant element and not carbon. The answer is because the stars in the universe today are not first generation stars! When newer stars form, they already contain more than just hydrogen. This time around, stars fuse hydrogen according to whats known as the C-N-O cycle (where C is carbon, N is nitrogen, and O is oxygen). A carbon and helium can fuse together to form oxygen. This happens not just in massive stars, but also in stars like the Sun once it enters its red giant phase. Carbon really comes out behind when a type II supernova occurs, because these stars undergo carbon fusion into oxygen with almost perfect completion! How Element Abundance Will Change in the Universe We wont be around to see it, but when the universe is thousands or millions times older than it is now, helium may overtake hydrogen as the most abundant element (or not, if enough hydrogen remains out in space to far from other atoms to fuse). After a much longer time, its possible oxygen and carbon may become the first and second most abundant elements! Composition of the Universe So, if ordinary elemental matter doesnt account for most of the universe, what does its composition look like? Scientists debate this subject and revise percentages when new data becomes available. For now, the matter and energy composition is believed to be: 73% Dark Energy: Most of universe seems to consist of something we know next to nothing about. Dark energy probably doesnt have mass, yet matter and energy are related.22% Dark Matter: Dark matter is stuff that doesnt emit radiation in any wavelength of the spectrum. Scientists are unsure what, exactly, dark matter is. It has not be observed or created in a lab. Right now, the best bet is that its cold dark matter, a substance consisting of particles comparable to neutrinos, yet much more massive.4% Gas: Most of the gas in the universe is hydrogen and helium, found between stars (interstellar gas). Ordinary gas does not emit light, although it does scatter it. Ionized gases glow, but not brightly enough to compete with the light of stars. Astronomers use infrared, x-ray, and radio telescopes to image this matter.0.04% Stars: To human eyes, it appears the universe is full of stars. Its amazing to realize they account for such a small percentage of our reality.0.3% Neutrinos: Neutrinos are tiny, electrically neutral particles that travel at near light speed.0.03% Heavy Elements: Only a tiny fraction of the universe consists of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Over time this percentage will grow.